Initial implementation: MQTT-based energy meter subscriber

Subscribes to Eastron SDM630 power meter data via MQTT broker, decodes Modbus RTU frames, and writes readings to InfluxDB. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-04-10 08:01:17 +02:00
commit 066fa5ca51
10 changed files with 742 additions and 0 deletions
--- a/13
+++ b/13
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
+COPY *.go ./
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o energy-mqtt-sub .
+
+FROM alpine:3.21
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates tzdata
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /app/energy-mqtt-sub .
+USER nobody:nobody
+ENTRYPOINT ["./energy-mqtt-sub", "-c", "/srv/energy/meter/config.json"]
--- a/12
+++ b/12
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+BIN := bin/energy-mqtt-sub
+
+.PHONY: build run clean
+
+build:
+	go build -o $(BIN) .
+
+run: build
+	./$(BIN) -c ./config/config.json
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(BIN)
--- a/bin/energy-mqtt-sub
+++ b/bin/energy-mqtt-sub
--- a/config/config.json
+++ b/config/config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+    "broker": "EnergyMqtt-perimica-nxktq.local",
+    "port": 8883,
+    "client_id": "energy-subscriber",
+    "topic_prefix": "Energy",
+    "sample_rate": 10,
+    "influxdb_host": "p5.local",
+    "influxdb_port": 8086,
+    "influxdb_token": "hDu4JYvxciHsohn7zE0nyZfejZDik3s8fqxCkTebW1LRekckyGX_U0-wsfEcDuDV5WZER3MjQDss01jJJCeZBA==",
+    "influxdb_org": "tkl",
+    "influxdb_bucket": "home",
+    "ca_cert": "/srv/energy/meter/Energy-root-ca.crt",
+    "client_cert": "/srv/energy/meter/Energy-admin_user.crt",
+    "client_key": "/srv/energy/meter/Energy-admin_user.key",
+    "devices": [
+        {
+            "slave_address": 1,
+            "name": "Power_House",
+            "segment": "modbus-segment",
+            "registers": [
+                {"name": "L1PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 12, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "L2PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 14, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "L3PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 16, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "TotalImport",  "type": "input", "address": 72, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "kWh"},
+                {"name": "TotalExport",  "type": "input", "address": 74, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "kWh"}
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "slave_address": 2,
+            "name": "Power_Barn",
+            "segment": "modbus-segment",
+            "registers": [
+                {"name": "L1PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 12, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "L2PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 14, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "L3PowerW",     "type": "input", "address": 16, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "W"},
+                {"name": "TotalImport",  "type": "input", "address": 72, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "kWh"},
+                {"name": "TotalExport",  "type": "input", "address": 74, "count": 2, "factor": 1, "unit": "kWh"}
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+}
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+services:
+  energy-meter:
+    build: .
+    container_name: energy-meter
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    network_mode: host
+    volumes:
+      - /srv/energy/meter:/srv/energy/meter:ro
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+module energy-mqtt-sub
+
+go 1.24.5
+
+require (
+	github.com/apapsch/go-jsonmerge/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang v1.5.1 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.14.0 // indirect
+	github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20200327222509-2487e7298839 // indirect
+	github.com/oapi-codegen/runtime v1.0.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.44.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 // indirect
+)
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+github.com/RaveNoX/go-jsoncommentstrip v1.0.0/go.mod h1:78ihd09MekBnJnxpICcwzCMzGrKSKYe4AqU6PDYYpjk=
+github.com/apapsch/go-jsonmerge/v2 v2.0.0 h1:axGnT1gRIfimI7gJifB699GoE/oq+F2MU7Dml6nw9rQ=
+github.com/apapsch/go-jsonmerge/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:lvDnEdqiQrp0O42VQGgmlKpxL1AP2+08jFMw88y4klk=
+github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar v1.1.1/go.mod h1:UD6OnuiIn0yFxxA2le/rnRU1G4RaI4UvFv1sNto9p6w=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang v1.5.1 h1:/VSOv3oDLlpqR2Epjn1Q7b2bSTplJIeV2ISgCl2W7nE=
+github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang v1.5.1/go.mod h1:1/yJCneuyOoCOzKSsOTUc0AJfpsItBGWvYpBLimhArU=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.3.1 h1:KjJaJ9iWZ3jOFZIf1Lqf4laDRCasjl0BCmnEGxkdLb4=
+github.com/google/uuid v1.3.1/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3 h1:saDtZ6Pbx/0u+bgYQ3q96pZgCzfhKXGPqt7kZ72aNNg=
+github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
+github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.14.0 h1:AjbBfJuq+QoaXNcrova8smSjwJdUHnwvfjMF71M1iI4=
+github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2 v2.14.0/go.mod h1:Ahpm3QXKMJslpXl3IftVLVezreAUtBOTZssDrjZEFHI=
+github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20200327222509-2487e7298839 h1:W9WBk7wlPfJLvMCdtV4zPulc4uCPrlywQOmbFOhgQNU=
+github.com/influxdata/line-protocol v0.0.0-20200327222509-2487e7298839/go.mod h1:xaLFMmpvUxqXtVkUJfg9QmT88cDaCJ3ZKgdZ78oO8Qo=
+github.com/juju/gnuflag v0.0.0-20171113085948-2ce1bb71843d/go.mod h1:2PavIy+JPciBPrBUjwbNvtwB6RQlve+hkpll6QSNmOE=
+github.com/oapi-codegen/runtime v1.0.0 h1:P4rqFX5fMFWqRzY9M/3YF9+aPSPPB06IzP2P7oOxrWo=
+github.com/oapi-codegen/runtime v1.0.0/go.mod h1:LmCUMQuPB4M/nLXilQXhHw+BLZdDb18B34OO356yJ/A=
+github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
+github.com/spkg/bom v0.0.0-20160624110644-59b7046e48ad/go.mod h1:qLr4V1qq6nMqFKkMo8ZTx3f+BZEkzsRUY10Xsm2mwU0=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.3.0/go.mod h1:M5WIy9Dh21IEIfnGCwXGc5bZfKNJtfHm1UVUgZn+9EI=
+golang.org/x/net v0.44.0 h1:evd8IRDyfNBMBTTY5XRF1vaZlD+EmWx6x8PkhR04H/I=
+golang.org/x/net v0.44.0/go.mod h1:ECOoLqd5U3Lhyeyo/QDCEVQ4sNgYsqvCZ722XogGieY=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	mqtt "github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang"
+	influxdb2 "github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2"
+)
+
+// ── Config ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Reading is a single decoded register value returned to the poller.
+type Reading struct {
+	Name  string
+	Value float32
+	Unit  string
+}
+
+type Register struct {
+	Name      string  `json:"name"`
+	Type      string  `json:"type"`       // "input" (FC4) or "holding" (FC3)
+	Address   uint16  `json:"address"`    // register word address
+	Count     uint16  `json:"count"`      // number of 16-bit registers to read (2 = one float32)
+	Factor    float32 `json:"factor"`     // scale factor applied to the decoded value
+	Unit      string  `json:"unit"`
+}
+
+type DeviceConfig struct {
+	SlaveAddress int        `json:"slave_address"`
+	Name         string     `json:"name"`
+	Segment      string     `json:"segment"`
+	Registers    []Register `json:"registers"`
+}
+
+type Config struct {
+	Broker        string         `json:"broker"`
+	Port          int            `json:"port"`
+	ClientID      string         `json:"client_id"`
+	TopicPrefix   string         `json:"topic_prefix"`
+	SampleRate    int            `json:"sample_rate"` // polling interval in seconds
+	CACert        string         `json:"ca_cert"`
+	ClientCert    string         `json:"client_cert"`
+	ClientKey     string         `json:"client_key"`
+	InfluxHost    string         `json:"influxdb_host"`
+	InfluxPort    int            `json:"influxdb_port"`
+	InfluxToken   string         `json:"influxdb_token"`
+	InfluxOrg     string         `json:"influxdb_org"`
+	InfluxBucket  string         `json:"influxdb_bucket"`
+	Devices       []DeviceConfig `json:"devices"`
+}
+
+// ── MQTT payload ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type modbusFrame struct {
+	Value []int  `json:"value"` // JSON number array, not base64
+	Unit  string `json:"unit"`
+}
+
+type frameData struct {
+	ModbusFrame modbusFrame `json:"modbus_frame"`
+}
+
+type mqttPayload struct {
+	Data frameData `json:"data"`
+}
+
+// ── SDM 630 register map ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type regInfo struct{ Name, Unit string }
+
+// Word (16-bit) addresses from the SDM 630 Modbus datasheet.
+// Each measurement is a float32 spanning 2 consecutive registers (big-endian).
+var sdm630 = map[uint16]regInfo{
+	0:   {"L1 Voltage", "V"},
+	2:   {"L2 Voltage", "V"},
+	4:   {"L3 Voltage", "V"},
+	6:   {"L1 Current", "A"},
+	8:   {"L2 Current", "A"},
+	10:  {"L3 Current", "A"},
+	12:  {"L1 Active Power", "W"},
+	14:  {"L2 Active Power", "W"},
+	16:  {"L3 Active Power", "W"},
+	18:  {"L1 Apparent Power", "VA"},
+	20:  {"L2 Apparent Power", "VA"},
+	22:  {"L3 Apparent Power", "VA"},
+	24:  {"L1 Reactive Power", "VAr"},
+	26:  {"L2 Reactive Power", "VAr"},
+	28:  {"L3 Reactive Power", "VAr"},
+	30:  {"L1 Power Factor", ""},
+	32:  {"L2 Power Factor", ""},
+	34:  {"L3 Power Factor", ""},
+	36:  {"L1 Phase Angle", "deg"},
+	38:  {"L2 Phase Angle", "deg"},
+	40:  {"L3 Phase Angle", "deg"},
+	42:  {"Average Voltage L-N", "V"},
+	44:  {"Average Current", "A"},
+	46:  {"Sum of Currents", "A"},
+	48:  {"Total Active Power", "W"},
+	50:  {"Total Apparent Power", "VA"},
+	52:  {"Total Reactive Power", "VAr"},
+	54:  {"Total Power Factor", ""},
+	56:  {"Total Phase Angle", "deg"},
+	58:  {"Frequency", "Hz"},
+	60:  {"Total Import Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	62:  {"Total Export Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	72:  {"Total Import Energy", "kWh"},
+	74:  {"Total Export Energy", "kWh"},
+	76:  {"Total VAh", "kVAh"},
+	78:  {"Ah", "Ah"},
+	80:  {"Total System Power Demand", "W"},
+	84:  {"Total System VA Demand", "VA"},
+	88:  {"Max Total System Power Demand", "W"},
+	90:  {"Max Total System VA Demand", "VA"},
+	100: {"Current Demand L1", "A"},
+	102: {"Current Demand L2", "A"},
+	104: {"Current Demand L3", "A"},
+	106: {"Max Current Demand L1", "A"},
+	108: {"Max Current Demand L2", "A"},
+	110: {"Max Current Demand L3", "A"},
+	200: {"Total Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	202: {"Total Reactive Energy", "kVArh"},
+	226: {"L1 Import Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	228: {"L2 Import Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	230: {"L3 Import Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	232: {"L1 Export Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	234: {"L2 Export Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	236: {"L3 Export Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	238: {"L1 Total Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	240: {"L2 Total Active Energy", "kWh"},
+	242: {"L3 Total Active Energy", "kWh"},
+}
+
+// ── Message handler ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type slaveState struct {
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	lastRegAddr uint16
+}
+
+type handler struct {
+	deviceMap   map[int]string              // slave addr → device name
+	registerMap map[int]map[uint16]Register // slave addr → reg addr → Register
+	statesMu    sync.Mutex
+	states      map[int]*slaveState
+	waitsMu sync.Mutex
+	waits   map[int]chan []Reading // slave addr → readings from next response
+}
+
+func newHandler(cfg Config) *handler {
+	dm := make(map[int]string, len(cfg.Devices))
+	rm := make(map[int]map[uint16]Register, len(cfg.Devices))
+	for _, d := range cfg.Devices {
+		dm[d.SlaveAddress] = d.Name
+		regs := make(map[uint16]Register, len(d.Registers))
+		for _, r := range d.Registers {
+			regs[r.Address] = r
+		}
+		rm[d.SlaveAddress] = regs
+	}
+	return &handler{
+		deviceMap:   dm,
+		registerMap: rm,
+		states:      make(map[int]*slaveState),
+		waits:       make(map[int]chan []Reading),
+	}
+}
+
+// waitForResponse registers a one-shot channel that receives the decoded
+// readings from the next FC4 response for the given slave. Must be called
+// before publishing the request to avoid a race with a very fast response.
+func (h *handler) waitForResponse(slave int) <-chan []Reading {
+	ch := make(chan []Reading, 1) // buffered so the handler never blocks
+	h.waitsMu.Lock()
+	h.waits[slave] = ch
+	h.waitsMu.Unlock()
+	return ch
+}
+
+func (h *handler) state(slave int) *slaveState {
+	h.statesMu.Lock()
+	defer h.statesMu.Unlock()
+	if s, ok := h.states[slave]; ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	s := &slaveState{}
+	h.states[slave] = s
+	return s
+}
+
+func (h *handler) Handle(_ mqtt.Client, msg mqtt.Message) {
+	slave, ok := slaveFromTopic(msg.Topic())
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var p mqttPayload
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(msg.Payload(), &p); err != nil {
+		logger.Printf("json: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	frame := intsToBytes(p.Data.ModbusFrame.Value)
+	if len(frame) < 4 || frame[1] != 0x04 {
+		return // only FC4 (Read Input Registers) handled
+	}
+
+	st := h.state(slave)
+	devName := h.deviceMap[slave]
+	if devName == "" {
+		devName = fmt.Sprintf("slave-0x%02X", slave)
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case isFC4Request(frame):
+		// Store the requested register address so we can label the response.
+		regAddr := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(frame[2:4])
+		st.mu.Lock()
+		st.lastRegAddr = regAddr
+		st.mu.Unlock()
+
+	case isFC4Response(frame):
+		st.mu.Lock()
+		baseAddr := st.lastRegAddr
+		st.mu.Unlock()
+
+		// data bytes: frame[3 .. 3+byte_count-1], CRC stripped
+		data := frame[3 : 3+int(frame[2])]
+		ts := time.Now().Format("15:04:05")
+
+		var readings []Reading
+		for i := 0; i+4 <= len(data); i += 4 {
+			// Each float32 spans 2 registers; offset in word addresses = i/2
+			addr := baseAddr + uint16(i/2)
+			raw := decodeFloat32(data[i : i+4])
+
+			// Label and scale: configured register takes precedence over generic SDM 630 map.
+			name, unit, value := labelAndScale(raw, addr, h.registerMap[slave])
+			fmt.Printf("[%s] %-20s  %-32s %10.3f %s\n", ts, devName, name, value, unit)
+			readings = append(readings, Reading{Name: name, Value: value, Unit: unit})
+		}
+
+		h.waitsMu.Lock()
+		if ch, ok := h.waits[slave]; ok {
+			delete(h.waits, slave)
+			ch <- readings
+		}
+		h.waitsMu.Unlock()
+
+	default:
+		logger.Printf("unrecognised frame from %s: %v", devName, frame)
+	}
+}
+
+// ── Helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// FC4 request:  [addr, 0x04, reg_hi, reg_lo, cnt_hi, cnt_lo, crc_lo, crc_hi] = 8 bytes
+func isFC4Request(f []byte) bool { return len(f) == 8 }
+
+// FC4 response: [addr, 0x04, byte_count, data..., crc_lo, crc_hi] → total = 5 + byte_count
+func isFC4Response(f []byte) bool { return len(f) >= 5 && len(f) == 5+int(f[2]) }
+
+// slaveFromTopic parses the last path component, e.g. "Energy/modbus-segment/0x01" → 1
+// labelAndScale returns the display name, unit, and scaled value for a register.
+// The per-device config takes precedence; falls back to the generic SDM 630 map.
+func labelAndScale(raw float32, addr uint16, regs map[uint16]Register) (name, unit string, value float32) {
+	if r, ok := regs[addr]; ok {
+		return r.Name, r.Unit, raw * r.Factor
+	}
+	if info, ok := sdm630[addr]; ok {
+		return info.Name, info.Unit, raw
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("reg:%d", addr), "", raw
+}
+
+func slaveFromTopic(topic string) (int, bool) {
+	parts := strings.Split(topic, "/")
+	if len(parts) == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	s := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.ToLower(parts[len(parts)-1]), "0x")
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 16, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return int(v), true
+}
+
+func intsToBytes(ints []int) []byte {
+	b := make([]byte, len(ints))
+	for i, v := range ints {
+		b[i] = byte(v)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func decodeFloat32(b []byte) float32 {
+	return math.Float32frombits(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b))
+}
+
+// ── TLS / MQTT setup ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+func newTLSConfig(cfg Config) (*tls.Config, error) {
+	caCert, err := os.ReadFile(cfg.CACert)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading CA cert: %w", err)
+	}
+	pool := x509.NewCertPool()
+	if !pool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing CA cert failed")
+	}
+	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(cfg.ClientCert, cfg.ClientKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading client cert/key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &tls.Config{
+		RootCAs:      pool,
+		Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+var logger = log.New(os.Stderr, "", log.Ltime|log.Lshortfile)
+
+func main() {
+	configPath := flag.String("c", "./config/config.json", "Path to config file")
+	debugMode := flag.Bool("debug", false, "Poll only the first register of slave 0x01 every 5 s")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(*configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("reading config: %v", err)
+	}
+	var cfg Config
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("parsing config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tlsCfg, err := newTLSConfig(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("TLS setup: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := newHandler(cfg)
+	brokerURL := fmt.Sprintf("ssl://%s:%d", cfg.Broker, cfg.Port)
+	topic := cfg.TopicPrefix + "/#"
+
+	opts := mqtt.NewClientOptions().
+		AddBroker(brokerURL).
+		SetClientID(cfg.ClientID).
+		SetTLSConfig(tlsCfg).
+		SetCleanSession(true).
+		SetAutoReconnect(true).
+		SetOnConnectHandler(func(c mqtt.Client) {
+			logger.Printf("connected to %s", brokerURL)
+			token := c.Subscribe(topic, 0, h.Handle)
+			token.Wait()
+			if err := token.Error(); err != nil {
+				logger.Printf("subscribe error: %v", err)
+			} else {
+				logger.Printf("subscribed to %s", topic)
+			}
+		}).
+		SetConnectionLostHandler(func(_ mqtt.Client, err error) {
+			logger.Printf("connection lost: %v", err)
+		})
+
+	client := mqtt.NewClient(opts)
+	if token := client.Connect(); token.Wait() && token.Error() != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("connect: %v", token.Error())
+	}
+
+	influxURL := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%d", cfg.InfluxHost, cfg.InfluxPort)
+	influxClient := influxdb2.NewClient(influxURL, cfg.InfluxToken)
+	defer influxClient.Close()
+	writeAPI := influxClient.WriteAPIBlocking(cfg.InfluxOrg, cfg.InfluxBucket)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	requester := NewRequester(client, cfg.TopicPrefix)
+
+	pollDevices := cfg.Devices
+	pollInterval := time.Duration(cfg.SampleRate) * time.Second
+	if *debugMode {
+		pollInterval = 5 * time.Second
+		for _, d := range cfg.Devices {
+			if d.SlaveAddress == 0x01 && len(d.Registers) > 0 {
+				pollDevices = []DeviceConfig{{
+					SlaveAddress: d.SlaveAddress,
+					Name:         d.Name,
+					Segment:      d.Segment,
+					Registers:    d.Registers[:1],
+				}}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		logger.Printf("debug mode: polling %s/%s every %s", pollDevices[0].Name, pollDevices[0].Registers[0].Name, pollInterval)
+	}
+
+	poller := NewPoller(requester, h, writeAPI, cfg, pollDevices, pollInterval)
+	go poller.Run(ctx)
+
+	sig := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	<-sig
+
+	cancel()
+	client.Disconnect(250)
+	logger.Println("disconnected")
+}
--- a/poller.go
+++ b/poller.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	influxdb2 "github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2"
+	"github.com/influxdata/influxdb-client-go/v2/api"
+)
+
+const responseTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+
+// Poller periodically publishes FC4 read requests for every configured register
+// on every device, waiting for each response before sending the next request.
+// After all registers for a device are collected, one InfluxDB point is written.
+type Poller struct {
+	requester *Requester
+	handler   *handler
+	writeAPI  api.WriteAPIBlocking
+	org       string
+	bucket    string
+	devices   []DeviceConfig
+	interval  time.Duration
+}
+
+func NewPoller(r *Requester, h *handler, writeAPI api.WriteAPIBlocking, cfg Config, devices []DeviceConfig, interval time.Duration) *Poller {
+	return &Poller{
+		requester: r,
+		handler:   h,
+		writeAPI:  writeAPI,
+		org:       cfg.InfluxOrg,
+		bucket:    cfg.InfluxBucket,
+		devices:   devices,
+		interval:  interval,
+	}
+}
+
+// Run blocks until ctx is cancelled, polling immediately on start.
+func (p *Poller) Run(ctx context.Context) {
+	p.poll(ctx)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(p.interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			p.poll(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Poller) poll(ctx context.Context) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	for _, dev := range p.devices {
+		point := influxdb2.NewPointWithMeasurement(dev.Name).SetTime(now)
+		hasFields := false
+
+		for _, reg := range dev.Registers {
+			if reg.Type != "input" {
+				logger.Printf("skipping holding register %s/%s (FC3 not implemented)", dev.Name, reg.Name)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Register the waiter before publishing to avoid a race with a fast response.
+			respCh := p.handler.waitForResponse(dev.SlaveAddress)
+
+			if err := p.requester.ReadInputRegisters(dev.Segment, byte(dev.SlaveAddress), reg.Address, reg.Count); err != nil {
+				logger.Printf("poll %s/%s: %v", dev.Name, reg.Name, err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			select {
+			case readings := <-respCh:
+				for _, r := range readings {
+					point.AddField(r.Name, r.Value)
+					hasFields = true
+				}
+			case <-time.After(responseTimeout):
+				logger.Printf("timeout waiting for response: %s/%s", dev.Name, reg.Name)
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !hasFields {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := p.writeAPI.WritePoint(ctx, point); err != nil {
+			logger.Printf("influx write %s: %v", dev.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/requester.go
+++ b/requester.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	mqtt "github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang"
+)
+
+// ── CRC-16 / Modbus ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// crc16 computes the Modbus RTU CRC-16 (poly 0xA001, initial value 0xFFFF).
+// The result must be appended as [low_byte, high_byte].
+func crc16(data []byte) uint16 {
+	crc := uint16(0xFFFF)
+	for _, b := range data {
+		crc ^= uint16(b)
+		for range 8 {
+			if crc&1 != 0 {
+				crc = (crc >> 1) ^ 0xA001
+			} else {
+				crc >>= 1
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return crc
+}
+
+// ── Frame building ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// buildFC4Frame builds a Modbus RTU FC4 (Read Input Registers) request frame.
+//
+//	[slave, 0x04, regAddr_hi, regAddr_lo, count_hi, count_lo, crc_lo, crc_hi]
+//
+// regAddr and count are in register (word) units.
+func buildFC4Frame(slave byte, regAddr, count uint16) []byte {
+	frame := make([]byte, 6)
+	frame[0] = slave
+	frame[1] = 0x04
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(frame[2:], regAddr)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(frame[4:], count)
+	crc := crc16(frame)
+	return append(frame, byte(crc), byte(crc>>8)) // little-endian CRC
+}
+
+// ── MQTT payload ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+type requestPayload struct {
+	Data struct {
+		ModbusFrame struct {
+			Value []int  `json:"value"`
+			Unit  string `json:"unit"`
+		} `json:"modbus_frame"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+	Timestamp struct {
+		Incarnation int64 `json:"incarnation"`
+		SystemTime  int64 `json:"system_time"`
+	} `json:"timestamp"`
+}
+
+// ── Requester ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// Requester publishes Modbus FC4 read requests to the MQTT broker.
+// Topic pattern: <topicPrefix>/<segment>/0x<slave_hex>
+type Requester struct {
+	client      mqtt.Client
+	topicPrefix string
+	incarnation atomic.Int64
+	startTime   time.Time
+}
+
+func NewRequester(client mqtt.Client, topicPrefix string) *Requester {
+	return &Requester{
+		client:      client,
+		topicPrefix: topicPrefix,
+		startTime:   time.Now(),
+	}
+}
+
+// ReadInputRegisters sends an FC4 read request for `count` registers (words)
+// starting at `regAddr` on the given slave within the named segment.
+// count=2 reads one float32 value; use a multiple of 2 for more values.
+func (r *Requester) ReadInputRegisters(segment string, slave byte, regAddr, count uint16) error {
+	frame := buildFC4Frame(slave, regAddr, count)
+
+	var p requestPayload
+	p.Data.ModbusFrame.Unit = "RAW"
+	p.Data.ModbusFrame.Value = bytesToInts(frame)
+	p.Timestamp.Incarnation = r.incarnation.Add(1)
+	p.Timestamp.SystemTime = time.Since(r.startTime).Nanoseconds()
+
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshalling request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	topic := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/0x%02x", r.topicPrefix, segment, slave)
+	token := r.client.Publish(topic, 0, false, payload)
+	token.Wait()
+	return token.Error()
+}
+
+func bytesToInts(b []byte) []int {
+	ints := make([]int, len(b))
+	for i, v := range b {
+		ints[i] = int(v)
+	}
+	return ints
+}